Identification of Various Fishing Activities and the Outpouring of Time of Women Fishermen in Cilacap Regency, Indonesia

Fishing women have unique roles and dual roles not only as housewives but also as economic backbones. Women fishermen help their husbands work to be able to meet the needs of the family. The purpose of this research is to identify the variety of fishing activities and the outpouring of time of women fishermen in Cilacap Regency. The location of this research is at the Fish Auction Place (TPI) TPI Tegal Katilayu, TPI Menganti Kisik, and TPI Lengkong. Descriptive methods based on case studies were used in this study. The sampling method used was purposive sampling, and the number of samples taken by 55 women fishermen. The results showed that the variety of activities carried out by women fishermen were also dominated by economic activities in addition to their roles as a housewife.


Introduction
The potential of fisheries in Cilacap regency is very abundant, where the utilization of marine potential has not been developed optimally, especially in the fishery sector, due to inadequate human resources and limited fishing facilities. One of them is the potential catch of 72,000 tons of fish, however, the utilization of capture fisheries in Cilacap regency only reaches about 21% (Pancawati, 2015). This condition is coupled with the geographical state of nature on the south coast of Cilacap where the sea waves are quite high because it is directly adjacent to the Indonesian Ocean. Working as a fisherman has high risk factors in terms of safety and uncertain income factors. Uncertain fish catches coupled with poor climatic conditions cause fishermen to sometimes not carry catches. During times of shortage, basic daily family needs such as food, clothing, boards need to be met, so the role of women fishermen at this time is very important. Fishing woman is a term for women who live in a fishing family environment as wives.
Women fishermen position in the family is as the wife of the fisherman, in addition it also has dual roles as the backbone of the family that is making a living, especially when the conditions in the sea are erratic. Women in fishing families are generally involved in making a living for their families. This showed that fishing women not only act as housewives, but also do productive activities to increase income for family (Anna, 2014;Hutapea et al., 2012). Akpaniteaku et al. (2005) stated that one of the most important commodities handled by women fishermen is fish. The role of women fishermen among others is in the activities of handling and making a variety of processed fish products. The existence of such women fishermen roles is often not seen as important by policy makers Various activities of women fishermen including ranging from the pre-production process to the post-production process that is in dismantling and handling fish ranging from landing, marketing, to fish processing. Even with the increasing recognition that women engage in fish-related activities, will give a better understanding by using socio-ecological approaches to fisheries research and management (Kleiber et al., 2015). The purpose of writing this article is to identify various fishing activities and time outpourings related to the activities of women fishermen in Cilacap Regency.

Time and Location of Research
The method used in this study is descriptive case studies. Descriptive method aims to describe the symptoms or social phenomena that are happening in society, in which there are efforts to describe, record, analyze and interpret the current condition. Details of descriptive findings in the field related to fishing practices provide crucial information about the role of female fishermen. This will provide important socio-ecological information that implies understanding their roles in marine ecosystems (Kleiber et al., 2015).

Methods
The sampling method used is purposive sampling. Respondents in this study were women fishermen who worked at fish auctions namely TPI Tegal Katilayu, TPI Menganti Kisik, and TPI Lengkong. The number of respondents to the study was 55 women fishermen who worked at the auction site. There are 2 types of data collected in this study, namely primary data and secondary data. The primary data collected is the data of women fishermen who work in TPI. Secondary data comes from the Cilacap Regency Fishery Office, local TPI, Central Bureau of Statistics Cilacap or publication journal articles related to women fishermen and the productive outpouring of time activities carried out by women fishermen. This research data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The data was analyzed descriptive analysis.

Results and Discussion
The  Table 1.

Characteristics of Respondents
The age distribution of respondents can be seen in Table 2. The results of interviews with fishermen women were obtained that by 27.27% or as many as 15 women fishermen aged 53 -58 years, by 18.18% or as many as 10 women fishermen aged 48 -52 years. Women fishermen aged 28 -32 years only 2 respondents, aged 38 -42 years or 12.73% as many as 9 respondents, and women fishermen aged over 58 years as many as 6 respondents. It can be inferred that women fishermen over the age of 58 are still working to support their families and to help economic family sustain.

Variety of Daily Activities Conducted by Respondents
Women fishermen dedicated their time in one full day 24 hours every day of their lives. The daily ritual activities started from sholat (morning prayer) at around 04.00 until the evening. From Figure 2, there were various daily activities carried out by women fishermen from morning, day, and until night. Various activities in the morning such as morning prayers, cooking for families, shopping for daily necessities to the market, preparing the needs of children and husbands, cleaning the house, washing clothes, and bathing. After completing the activities carried out in the morning at home, the women continued the activities at the fish auction site. Variety of day time activities such as selling a variety of fish landed by fishermen in TPI, drying fish, cleaned fish catches, checking the processed fish products of small traders. After the women fishermen completed their respective activities in fish auction, they will soon return home. Various of night activities can be viewed such as cooking, distribution of processed products, family gatherings and night rest/sleeping. All these daily activities run the same every day, all year round, as long as they live as fishing women.

Women Fishermen's Time Outpouring
A percentage description of the results of the calculation of the amount of time spent in one day by women fishermen in Cilacap Regency is presented in Table 3. From the analysis data can be seen from the many activities carried out by fishermen women every day, then activities such as cleaning the house occupies a large outpouring of time. The time outpouring of women fishermen doing activities that are commonly done in the morning is cleaning the house by 21.11%. During the day, the common activity carried out by women fishermen is to conduct economic activities by 44.01%. The activity carried out by women fishermen at night is rest/sleeping, where the time allocation was 34.88%. Related to Figure 3, it can be seen that selling activities in TPI is the most time-consuming activity owned by women fishermen. The time allocated by women fishermen for economic activities explains that women fishermen at the research site also have an important role in making money. Their role in making money is done wholeheartedly to help increase the family's income. It is expected that although women fishermen are also busy helping their husbands work to earn money, they are also able to carry out their roles as good housewives (Alami and Raharjo, 2017;Ramachandran, 2017;Bhargavi et al., 2020;Gunakar and Bhatta, 2016;Venkatalakshmi et al., 2015;Sharma et al., 2012;Devi and Rani, 2000).

Conclussion
From the results of this study can be concluded that the largest outpouring of time performed by women fishermen is conducting economic activities by 44.01%. The outpouring of time for other activities is resting or taking a break by 34.88%, and house cleaning by 21.11%.