Analysis the Influence of Motivation, Work Environment, Workplace Spirituality, and Leadership Style on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), with Job Satisfaction as a Mediating Factor, among Employees in Beauty Clinics in the City of Batam

Yuddy Giovanna Priscilla; Delby Maharani; Evi Silvana Muchsinati

doi:10.46336/ijbesd.v5i1.550

Analysis the Influence of Motivation, Work Environment, Workplace Spirituality, and Leadership Style on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), with Job Satisfaction as a Mediating Factor, among Employees in Beauty Clinics in the City of Batam

Yuddy Giovanna Priscilla, Delby Maharani, Evi Silvana Muchsinati

Abstract

This research aims to explore the influence of motivation, work environment, workplace spirituality, and leadership style on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), with job satisfaction as the mediating variable, among employees in beauty clinics in Batam City. The study adopts a quantitative approach, collecting primary data through Likert-scale questionnaires distributed via Google Form to employees in beauty clinics in Batam City. Secondary data is sourced from official channels such as journals, government websites, and national news. Data analysis employs Partial Least Square (PLS) to test hypotheses and the research model. The research population comprises 132 respondents, with a minimum sample size of 100 respondents determined through Krejcie and Morgan's calculation using simple random sampling. The research findings indicate: 1) a significant positive correlation between the work environment and OCB mediated by job satisfaction (t-statistic: 2.992, p-value: 0.003); 2) a significant positive correlation between leadership style and OCB mediated by job satisfaction (t-statistic: 2.664, p-value: 0.008); 3) a significant positive correlation between job satisfaction and OCB (t-statistic: 25.974, p-value: 0.00); 4) no significant correlation between motivation and OCB mediated by job satisfaction (t-statistic: 0.531, p-value: 0.596); 5) no correlation between workplace spirituality and OCB mediated by job satisfaction (t-statistic: 0.689, p-value: 0.491) among employees in beauty clinics in Batam City.

Keywords

Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), job satisfaction, motivation, work environment, workplace spirituality, leadership style.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Chauhan Rahul, Hapzi Ali, N. A. M. (2019). Building Performance Service Through Transformational Leadership Analysis, Work Stress And Work Motivation (Empirical Case Study In Stationery Distributor Companies). Dijemss, 1(1), 87–107. https://doi.org/10.31933/DIJEMSS

Farisi, S., Andi Prayogi, M., & Juliana, E. (2021). The Influence of Work Motivation and Work Environment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior With Job Satisfaction As an Intervening Variable At the Youth and Sports Office of North Sumatra Province. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 1(2), 257–268. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v1i2.78

Haldorai, K., Kim, W. G., Chang, H. (Sean), & Li, J. (Justin). (2020). Workplace spirituality as a mediator between ethical climate and workplace deviant behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 86(August 2019), 102372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102372

Hasibuan, L. (2022, November 4). Industri Kecantikan Tahan Krisis, Laris Manis Meski Pandemi. Cnbcindonesia.Com. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/lifestyle/20221104104902-33-385138/industri-kecantikan-tahan-krisis-laris-manis-meski-pandemi

Idiegbeyan-Ose, J., Aregbesola, A., Owolabi, S. E., & Eyiolorunshe, T. (2019). Relationship between motivation and job satisfaction of staffin private University Libraries, Nigeria. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 18(1). https://eprints.lmu.edu.ng/id/eprint/2275

Irwan, A., Mahfudnurnajamuddin, M., Nujum, S., & Mangkona, S. (2020). The Effect of Leadership Style, Work Motivation and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance Mediated by Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 7(8), 642. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i8.2007

Jena, L. K. (2021). Does workplace spirituality lead to raising employee performance? The role of citizenship behavior and emotional intelligence. International Journal of Organizational Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-06-2020-2279

Jumardi, R. (2020). Evaluasi E-Learning Menggunakan Pendekatan Technology Acceptance Model. Journal of Technopreneurship and Information System (JTIS), 3(2), 34–41. https://doi.org/10.36085/jtis.v3i2.887

Kabir, A. I., Newaz, S., Alkhalifa, A. K., & Jakowan, J. (2019). Analyzing the Impact of Workplace Environment on Job Satisfaction of the Office Employees of Saudi Arabian Oil and Gas Industry. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 19(2), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.34257/gjmbravol19is2pg9

Karakas, F. (2010). Spirituality and performance in organizations: A literature review. Journal of Business Ethics, 94(1), 89–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0251-5

Mahmoud, A. B., Fuxman, L., Mohr, I., Reisel, W. D., & Grigoriou, N. (2021). “We aren’t your reincarnation!” workplace motivation across X, Y and Z generations. International Journal of Manpower, 42(1), 193–209. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-09-2019-0448

Masharyono, M., Senen, S. H., & Yunita, N. (2019). The Effect of Job Satisfaction on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. SSRN Electronic Journal, 1994, 87–91. https://doi.org/10.5220/0007115200870091

Nasution, M. I., Fahmi, M., Jufrizen, Muslih, & Prayogi, M. A. (2020). The Quality of Small and Medium Enterprises Performance Using the Structural Equation Model-Part Least Square (SEM-PLS). Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1477(5). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1477/5/052052

Novitasari, D., Asbari, M., Wijayanti, L. M., Hyun, C. C., & Farhan, M. (2020). The Role of Religiosity, Leadership Style, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Mediation on Woman Teachers’ Performance. Solid State Technology, 63(6), 2953–2967. http://solidstatetechnology.us/index.php/JSST/article/view/3380

Pradhan, R. K., Jena, L. K., & Soto, C. M. (2017). Workplace spirituality in Indian organisations: Construction of reliable and valid measurement scale. Business: Theory and Practice, 18, 43–53. https://doi.org/10.3846/BTP.2017.005

Purwana, D., Ahmad, A., & Saptono, A. (2020). The Influence of Leadership and Work Environment toward Organziational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) through Work Satisfaction. International Journal on Advanced Science, Education, and Religion, 3(2), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.33648/ijoaser.v3i2.64

Rahmat, Ramly, M., Mallongi, S., & Kalla, R. (2020). The Leadership Style Effect on The Job Satisfaction and The Performance. Asia Pacific Journal of Management and Education, 21(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/DOI: https://doi.org/10.32535/apjme.v2i1.376

Rana, S., Ahmed, I., & Shahzadi, G. (2022). Linking workplace spirituality and adaptive performance through a serial mediation of job satisfaction and emotional labor strategies. Management Research Review, 45(10), 1354–1371. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-10-2020-0663

Razak, N. A., Ma’amor, H., & Hassan, N. (2016). Measuring Reliability and Validity Instruments of Work Environment Towards Quality Work Life. Procedia Economics and Finance, 37(16), 520–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)30160-5

Ridlo, M., Wardahana, I. A., & Jessica, K. G. (2021). The effect of job satisfaction, workplace spirituality and organizational commitment on work productivity with organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as intervening variable (Case study on Bank Muamalat Indonesia KC Solo). Journal of Business and Banking, 10(2), 249. https://doi.org/10.14414/jbb.v10i2.2272

Santoso, P. B., Asbari, M., Siswanto, E., & Fahmi, K. (2020). The Role of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Performance: Evidence from Indonesian Teachers. International Journal of Social and Management Studies (IJOSMAS), 01(01), 22–31. https://ijosmas.org/index.php/ijosmas/article/view/2

Sharma, P. K., & Kumra, R. (2020). Relationship between workplace spirituality, organizational justice and mental health: mediation role of employee engagement. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 17(5), 627–650. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAMR-01-2020-0007

Soelton, M., Visano, N. A., Noermijati, N., Ramli, Y., Syah, T. Y. R., & Sari, Y. J. (2020). The Implication Of Job Satisfaction That Influence Workers To Practice Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Ocb) In The Work Place. Archives of Business Research, 8(5), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.85.8139

Sørensen, J. B. (2001). The Strength of Corporate Culture and the Reliability of Firm Performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, December. https://web.stanford.edu/~sorensen/culture %26 reliability provacc.pdf

Specchia, M. L., Cozzolino, M. R., Carini, E., Di Pilla, A., Galletti, C., Ricciardi, W., & Damiani, G. (2021). Leadership styles and nurses’ job satisfaction. Results of a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041552

Sugiarti, E. (2021). The Influence of Training, Work Environment and Career Development on Work Motivation That Has an Impact on Employee Performance at PT. Suryamas Elsindo Primatama In West Jakarta. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.29099/ijair.v6i1.304

Suhardi. (2019). Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja, Kompetensi, Lingkungan Kerja dan Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Asuransi Jiwa di Kota Batam Dengan Organizational Citizenship Behavior Sebagai Variabel Intervening. Jurnal Benefita, 4(2), 296. https://doi.org/10.22216/jbe.v4i2.3670

Suyono, J., Eliyana, A., Ratmawati, D., & Elisabeth, D. R. (2021). Organization Commitment and Work Environment on Job Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Work Motivation. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 12(02), 681–688.

Taheri, R. H., Miah, M. S., & Kamaruzzaman, M. (2020). Impact of Working Environment on Job Satisfaction of Employees. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR), 5(6), 403–406. https://doi.org/10.36713/epra4849

Torlak, N. G., Kuzey, C., Sait Dinç, M., & Budur, T. (2021). Links connecting nurses’ planned behavior, burnout, job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 36(1), 77–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2020.1862675

Turcu, O., & Brancu, C. (2023). The Impact of the Beauty Industry on the Economic Growth at the European Union Level. Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, 17(1), 468–474. https://doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2023-0045

Tyler, T. R., & Blader, S. L. (2003). The Group Engagement Model: Procedural Justice, Social Identity, and Cooperative Behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 7(4), 349–361. https://www.almendron.com/tribuna/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/the-group-engagement-model.pdf

Utami, N. M. S., Sapta, I. K. S., Verawati, Y., & Astakoni, I. M. P. (2021). Relationship between Workplace Spirituality, Organizational Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(1), 507–517. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no1.507

Widarko, A., & Anwarodin, M. K. (2022). Work Motivation and Organizational Culture on Work Performance: Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) as Mediating Variable. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 2(2), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.52970/grhrm.v2i2.207

Yuswardi, Y. (2018). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Lingkungan Kerja, Motivasi, Kompensasi dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Komitmen Organisasi pada Karyawan Bank di Batam. Journal of Accounting and Management Research, 1–15. http://repository.uib.ac.id/id/eprint/839%0Ahttp://repository.uib.ac.id/839/1/2018_PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN%2C LINGKUNGAN KERJA%2C MOTIVASI%2C KOMPENSASI DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP KOMITMEN ORGANISASI PADA KARYAWAN BANK DI BATAM.pdf

Zeng, N., Liu, Y., Gong, P., Hertogh, M., & König, M. (2021). Do right PLS and do PLS right : A critical review of the application of PLS-SEM in construction management. Springer, 8(3), 356–369. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s42524-021-0153-5 REVIEWARTICLE Ningshuang

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46336/ijbesd.v5i1.550