The Effect of Energy Consumption, Energy Resources, Economic Growth, and Road Infrastructure on Co2 Emissions in Indonesia

Zulfikar Zulfikar; Sofyan Syahnur; M. Shabri Abd. Majid

doi:10.46336/ijqrm.v2i3.173

The Effect of Energy Consumption, Energy Resources, Economic Growth, and Road Infrastructure on Co2 Emissions in Indonesia

Zulfikar Zulfikar, Sofyan Syahnur, M. Shabri Abd. Majid

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of energy resources, energy consumption, and road infrastructure on economic growth and their effect on CO2 emissions in Indonesia. This study uses time series data in Indonesia for the period 2000 to 2019 and the analytical model used is the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The results found in this study are variables that have a significant effect on economic growth in the short term are road infrastructure in the same period, in the previous period, as well as in the previous 2 periods and resources. Meanwhile, the ones that have a significant effect in the long term are road infrastructure and energy resources. Variables that have a significant effect on CO2 emissions in the short term are road infrastructure, energy consumption in the previous period, economic growth in the previous period, energy consumption and energy resources. While the variables that influence in the long term are economic growth and energy resources.

Keywords

Energy Consumption, Energy Resources, Economic Growth, Road Infrastructure and Co2 Emissions

Full Text:

PDF

References

Alviya, I., Muttaqin, M. Z., Salminah, M., & Hamdani, F. A. U. (2018). Upaya Penurunan Emisi Karbon Berbasis Masyarakat di Hutan Berfungsi Lindung. Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan Kehutanan, 15(1), 19–37.

Arista, T. R., & Amar, S. (2019). Analisis Kausalitas Emisi CO2, Konsumsi Energi, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Modal Manusia di ASEAN. Universitas Negeri Padang.

Aye, G. C., & Edoja, P. E. (2017). Effect of Economic Growth on CO2 Emission in Developing Countries : Evidence from a Dynamic Panel Threshold Model. Cogent Economics & Finance, 90(1).

Chaabouni, S., & Saidi, K. (2017). The Dynamic Links Between Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions, Health Spending and GDP growth: A Case Study for 51 Countries. Environmental Research, 158(May), 137–144.

Chen, X., Shuai, C., Zhang, Y., & Wu, Y. (2020). Decomposition of Energy Consumption and its Decoupling with Economic Growth in the Global Agricultural Industry. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 81(December 2019).

Cherni, A., & Jouini, S. E. (2017). An ARDL Approach to the CO2 Emissions, Renewable Energy and Economic Growth Nexus: Tunisian Evidence. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42(48), 29056–29066.

Edyanto, C. B. H. (2013). Carbon Emmision as the Base of the Implementation of Green Open Spaces in Jakarta. Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi Indonesia, 15(1), 1–7.

Ehigiamusoe, K. U., Lean, H. H., & Smyth, R. (2020). The Moderating Role of Energy Consumption in the Carbon Emissions-Income Nexus in Middle-Income Countries. Applied Energy, 261(November 2019), 114215.

Elinur, Priyarsono, D. ., Tambunan, M., & Firdaus, M. (2010). Perkembangan Konsumsi dan Penyediaan Energi Dalam Perekonomian Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Economics (IJAE), 2(1), 97–119.

Fabre, A., Fodha, M., & Ricci, F. (2019). Mineral Resources for Renewable Energy: Optimal Timing of Energy Production. Resource and Energy Economics, 101131.

Fardiaz, S. (1992). Polusi Air dan Udara. Kanisius.

Fauzi, R. (2017). Pengaruh Konsumsi Energi, Luas Kawasan Hutan dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Terhadap Emisi CO2 di 6 (Enam) Negara Anggota ASEAN: Pendekatan Analisis Data Panel. Ecolab, 11(1), 1–52.

Firdaus, I. A. (2017). Pengaruh Pertumbuhan dan Keterbukaan Ekonomi Terhadap Perubahan Kualitas Lingkungan : Analisis Environmental Kuznet Curve (Studi Kasus Negara-Negara Anggota Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Tahun 1999-2014). Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Brawijaya.

Firmansyah, M., & Gunawan, D. S. (2007). Antara Pembangunan Ekonomi Dan Degradasi Lingkungan. Eko- Regional, 2(2), 105–112.

Ghani, E., Goswami, A. G., & Kerr, W. R. (2016). Highway to Success: The Impact of the Golden Quadrilateral Project for the Location and Performance of Indian Manufacturing. The Economic Journal, 126(591), 317–357.

Gibbons, S., Lyytikäinen, T., Overman, H. G., & Guarner, R. S. (2019). New Road Infrastructure: The Effects on Firms. Journal of Urban Economics, 110(September 2018), 35–50.

Greenstone, M., & Fan, Q. (2019). Indonesia’s Worsening Air Quality and its Impact on Life Expectancy. Air Quality Life Index, March.

Gujarati, D. (2012). Dasar-Dasar Ekonometrika Edisi Lima (Edisi Lima). Salemba Empat.

Gujarati, D. (2014). Dasar-dasar Ekonometrika. In Dasar-dasar Ekonometrika.

Helda, N. P., Jamal, A., & Dawood, T. C. (2018). Pengaruh Urbanisasi, Pertumbuhan PDB Sektor Industri dan Pertumbuhan PDB Sektor Transportasi Terhadap Polusi Lingkungan di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Publik Indonesia, 5(2).

Holmgren, J., & Merkel, A. (2017). Much Ado about Nothing? – A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Infrastructure and Economic Growth. Research in Transportation Economics, 63, 13–26.

Iriyena, P., Naukoko, A. T., & Siwu, H. F. D. (2019). Analisis Pengaruh Infrastruktur Jalan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Kabupaten Kaimana 2007-2017. Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Efisiensi, 19(02), 49–59.

Ismiyati, Marlita, D., & Saidah, D. (2014). Pencemaran Udara Akibat Emisi Gas Buang Kendaraan Bermotor. Jurnal Manajemen Transportasi & Logistik (JMTransLog), 01(03).

Jaffee, D. (2015). A Deeper Channel Floats All Boats: The Port Economy as Urban Growth Engine. Environment and Planning A, 47(4), 783–800.

Jebli, M. Ben, Farhani, S., & Guesmi, K. (2020). Renewable Energy, CO2 Emissions and Value Added: Empirical Evidence from Countries with Different Income Levels. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 53, 402–410.

Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Manusia. (2018). Konversi Mitan ke Gas.

Kristijo, H., & Nugroho, H. (2006). Menuju Pemanfaatan Energi yang Optimum di Indonesia : Pengembangan Model Ekonomi-Energi dan Identifikasi Kebutuhan Infrastruktur Energi. BAPPENAS, 1–13.

Lek, M. (2013). Analisis Dampak Pembangunan Jalan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Usaha Ekonomi Rakyat di Pedalaman May Brat Provinsi Papua Barat (Studi Kasus di Distrik Ayamaru, Aitinyo dan Aifat). Jurnal Ekonomi Kuantitatif Terapan, 6(1), 30–40.

Li, D., Wang, Y., Liu, Y., Sun, S., & Gao, Y. (2020). Estimating Life-Cycle CO2 Emissions of Urban Road Corridor Construction: A Case Study in Xi’an, China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 255.

Melese, Y., Heijnen, P., Stikkelman, R., & Herder, P. (2017). An Approach for Flexible Design of Infrastructure Networks Via a Risk Sharing Contract: The Case of CO2 Transport Infrastructure. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 63(August 2016), 401–411.

Momongan, J. F., Gosal, P. H., & Kumurur, V. A. (2017). Efektivitas Jalur Hijau Dalam Menyerap Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca di Kota Manado. 36–43.

Mulyana, A., & Wirahadikusumah, R. D. (2017). Analisis Konsumsi Energi dan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca pada Tahap Konstruksi Studi Kasus : Konstruksi Jalan Cisumdawu. Jurnal Teoritis Dan Terapan Bidang Rekayasa Sipil, 24(3), 269–280.

O’Ryan, R., Nasirov, S., & Álvarez-Espinosa, A. (2020). Renewable Energy Expansion in the Chilean Power Market: A Dynamic General Equilibrium Modeling Approach to Determine CO2 Emission Baselines. Journal of Cleaner Production, 247.

Purnomo, D., & Istiqomah, D. (2008). Analisis Peranan Sektor Industri Terhadap Perekonomian Jawa Tengah Tahun 2000 dan Tahun 2004 (Analisis Input Output). Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan, 9(2), 137–155.

Rahmasari, A., S, E. H., Jannah, M., Pathullaili, Kurnia, L., & Satria, A. (2019). ARDL Method : Forecasting Data Kemiskinan di NTB. Jurnal Teori Dan Aplikasi Matematika (JTAM), 3(1), 52–57.

Reflis, Nurung, M., & Pratiwi, J. D. (2011). Motivasi Petani Dalam Mempertahankan Sistem Tradisional pada Usaha Tani Padi Sawah di Desa Parbaju Julu Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara Propinsi Sumatera Utara. AGRISEP, 10(1), 51–62.

Sghari, M. B. A., & Hammami, S. (2016). Energy, Pollution, and Economic Development in Tunisia. Energy Reports, 2, 35–39.

Shang, X., Li, Z., Zheng, J., & Wu, Q. H. (2019). Equivalent Modeling of Active Distribution Network Considering the Spatial Uncertainty of Renewable Energy Resources. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 112(September 2018), 83–91.

Siahaan, L. M. (2019). Pengaruh Aktivitas Industri Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Kabupaten Karo. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Studi Pembangunan, 19(1), 31–41.

Suhardi, R. P., & Purwanto, A. (2015). Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon di Indonesia (Studi Pada Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2010 - 2013). Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 4(2), 1–13.

Tim Sekretaris Jenderal Dewan Energi Nasional. (2019). Indonesia Energy Out Look 2019. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 53(9), 1689–1699.

Viviescas, C., Lima, L., Diuana, F. A., Vasquez, E., Ludovique, C., Silva, G. N., Huback, V., Magalar, L., Szklo, A., Lucena, A. F. P., Schaeffer, R., & Paredes, J. R. (2019). Contribution of Variable Renewable Energy to Increase Energy Security in Latin America: Complementarity and Climate Change Impacts on Wind and Solar Resources. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 113(June).

Wang, S., Zhou, C., Li, G., & Feng, K. (2016). CO2, Economic Growth, and Energy Consumption in China’s Provinces: Investigating the Spatiotemporal and Econometric Characteristics of China’s CO2 Emissions. Ecological Indicators, 69, 184–195.

Wang, T., Wen, Y., & Lin, B. (2019). Energy Consumption and the Influencing Factors in China: A Nonlinear Perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 249, 119375.

Wang, Y., Xu, L., & Solangi, Y. A. (2019). Strategic Renewable Energy Resources Selection for Pakistan: Based on SWOT-Fuzzy AHP Approach. Sustainable Cities and Society, 52.

Yeom, J. M., Deo, R. C., Adamwoski, J. F., Chae, T., Kim, D. S., Han, K. S., & Kim, D. Y. (2020). Exploring Solar and Wind Energy Resources in North Korea with COMS MI Geostationary Satellite Data Coupled with Numerical Weather Prediction Reanalysis Variables. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 119(xxxx), 109570.

Zhang, D., Zhan, Q., Chen, Y., & Li, S. (2016). Joint Optimization of Logistics Infrastructure Investments and Subsidies in a Regional Logistics Network with CO2 Emission Reduction Targets. Transport and Environment, 60, 174–190.

Zhang, J., Fan, Z., Chen, Y., Gao, J., & Liu, W. (2020). Decomposition and Decoupling Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Economic Growth in the Context of China and the ASEAN Countries. Science of the Total Environment, 714, 136649.

Jaffee, D. (2015). A Deeper Channel Floats All Boats: The Port Economy as Urban Growth Engine. Environment and Planning A, 47(4), 783–800.

Kang, S. H., Islam, F., & Tiwari, A. K. (2019). The Dynamic Relationships Among CO2 Emissions, Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Sources, and Economic Growth in India: Evidence from Time-Varying Bayesian VAR Model. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 50, 90–101. Kuncoro, A. H., Mellyanawaty, M., Sambas, A., Maulana, D. S., & Mamat, M. (2020). Air Quality Monitoring System in the City of Tasikmalaya based on the Internet of Things (IoT). Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, 12(2), 2473-2479. Li, D., Wang, Y., Liu, Y., Sun, S., & Gao, Y. (2020). Estimating life-cycle CO2 emissions of urban road corridor construction: A case study in Xi’an, China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 255, 120033. Listyarini, S., Warlina, L., & Sambas, A. (2021, March). Air Quality Monitoring System in South Tangerang Based on Arduino Uno: From Analysis to Implementation. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 1115, No. 1, p. 012046). IOP Publishing.

Orecchini, F., Santiangeli, A., Zuccari, F., Ortenzi, F., Genovese, A., Spazzafumo, G., & Nardone, L. (2018). Energy Consumption of a Last Generation Full Hybrid Vehicle Compared with a Conventional Vehicle in Real Drive Conditions. Energy Procedia, 148, 289–296. O’Ryan, R., Nasirov, S., & Álvarez-Espinosa, A. (2020). Renewable energy expansion in the Chilean power market: A dynamic general equilibrium modeling approach to determine CO2 emission baselines. Journal of Cleaner Production, 247, 119645.

Park, J. S., & Seo, Y. J. (2016). The Impact of Seaports on the Regional Economies in South Korea: Panel Evidence from the Augmented Solow Model. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 85, 107–119. Reflis, R., Nurung, M., & Pratiwi, J. D. (2011). Motivasi Petani Dalam Mempertahankan Sistem Tradisional Pada Usahatani Padi Sawah Di Desa Parbaju Julu Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara Propinsi Sumatera Utara. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis, 10(1), 51-62.

Tamura, S., Iwamoto, S., & Tanaka, T. (2018). The impact of Spatial Population Distribution Patterns on CO2 Emissions and Infrastructure Costs in a Small Japanese Town. Sustainable Cities and Society, 40, 513–523. Viviescas, C., Lima, L., Diuana, F. A., Vasquez, E., Ludovique, C., Silva, G. N., ... & Paredes, J. R. (2019). Contribution of Variable Renewable Energy to increase energy security in Latin America: Complementarity and climate change impacts on wind and solar resources. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 113, 109232.

Wang, T., Wen, Y., & Lin, B. (2019). Energy Consumption and the Influencing Factors in China: A Nonlinear Perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 249, 119375. Yeom, J. M., Deo, R. C., Adamwoski, J. F., Chae, T., Kim, D. S., Han, K. S., & Kim, D. Y. (2020). Exploring solar and wind energy resources in North Korea with COMS MI geostationary satellite data coupled with numerical weather prediction reanalysis variables. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 119, 109570.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46336/ijqrm.v2i3.173